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Ambisome(安必松)安必素的作用与副作用

发布时间:2025-05-19 10:39:19 阅读:854 来源:问药网
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安必素

安必素 生产厂家:美国吉利德科学公司(Gilead Sciences) 功能主治:一线抗真菌药物,治疗深部真菌感染有效率高 用法用量:用法用量  静脉用药:开始静脉滴注时先试以1~5mg或按体重一次0.02~0.1mg/kg给药,以后根据患者耐受情况每日或隔日增加5mg,当增至一次 0.6~0.7mg/kg时即可暂停增加剂量,此为一般治疗量。  成人最高一日剂量不超过1mg/kg,每日或隔1~2日给药1次,累积总量 1.5~3.0g,疗程1~3个月,也可长至6个月,视病情及疾病种类而定。  对敏感真菌感染宜采用较小剂量,即成人一次20~30mg,疗程仍宜长。  鞘内给药:首次0.05~0.1mg,以后渐增至每次0.5mg,最大量一次不超过1mg,每周给药2~3次,总量15mg左右。  鞘内给药时宜与小剂量地塞米松或琥珀酸氢化可的松同时给与,并需用脑脊液反复稀释药液,边稀释边缓慢注入以减少不良反应。  局部用药:气溶吸入时成人每次5~10mg,用灭菌注射用水溶解成0.2%~0.3%溶液应用;超声雾化吸入时本品浓度为0.01%~0.02%,每日吸入2~3次,每次吸入5~10ml;持续膀胱冲洗时每日以两性霉素B 5mg加入1000ml灭菌注射用水中,按每小时注入40ml速度进行冲洗,共用5~10日。  静脉滴注或鞘内给药时,均先以灭菌注射用水10ml配制本品50mg,或5ml配制25mg,然后用5%葡萄糖注射液稀释(不可用氯化钠注射液,因可产生沉淀),滴注液的药物浓度不超过10mg/100ml,避光缓慢静滴,每次滴注时间需6小时以上,稀释用葡萄糖注射液的pH值应在4.2以上。  鞘内注射时可取5mg/ml浓度的药液1ml,加5%葡萄糖注射液19ml稀释,使最终浓度成250μg/ml。  注射时取所需药液量以脑脊液5~30ml反复稀释,并缓慢注入。  鞘内注射液的药物浓度不可高于25mg/100ml,pH值应在4.2以上。
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Ambisome(安必松)安必素的作用与副作用,安必素(Amphotericin)常见副作用包括发热、寒战、呼吸困难、恶心、呕吐、肾功能损害、低钾血症、头痛和胃肠不适。在治疗期间需要监测肾功能和电解质。安必素(Amphotericin)是一种抗真菌药物,其主要成分是阿莫夫洛星(AmphotericinB)。它主要用于治疗严重的真菌感染,具有以下疗效:1.抗真菌活性,抑制多种真菌的生长和繁殖。2.治疗各种念珠菌感染。3.治疗血液系统真菌感染。该药品在治疗相关疾病方面表现出色,疗效显著、安全性高。

Ambisome (安必松) is a medication used for the treatment of fungal infections. It belongs to a class of drugs known as antifungals and is specifically classified as a liposomal amphotericin B formulation. Ambisome is administered intravenously and is known for its efficacy in combating serious fungal infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. While Ambisome has proven to be effective in treating such infections, it is important to understand both its benefits and potential side effects.

1. The Use of Ambisome in Treating Fungal Infections

Amphotericin B, the active ingredient in Ambisome, has broad-spectrum antifungal properties, making it effective against a range of fungal pathogens. Ambisome is primarily used to treat invasive fungal infections caused by species such as Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, bloodstream, and central nervous system.

The liposomal formulation of Amphotericin B used in Ambisome plays a crucial role in its effectiveness. The liposomes encapsulate the drug, allowing it to be delivered directly to the site of infection. This targeted delivery reduces the drug's toxicity and enhances its efficacy in eradicating fungal pathogens.

2. Efficacy and Benefits of Ambisome

Ambisome has demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of a wide range of fungal infections. It has been particularly effective in patients who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or individuals who have received organ transplants.

The liposomal formulation of Ambisome offers several advantages over conventional Amphotericin B formulations. It has improved bioavailability, allowing for more predictable drug concentrations in the body. Additionally, the reduced toxicity associated with Ambisome has resulted in fewer adverse reactions and improved tolerance among patients receiving treatment.

3. Common Side Effects of Ambisome

While Ambisome is generally well-tolerated, it is not without potential side effects. Some common side effects include fever, chills, headaches, nausea, vomiting, and muscle or joint pain. These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own as the treatment progresses. However, patients are advised to inform their healthcare provider if these side effects persist or worsen over time.

In some cases, Ambisome may cause more serious side effects, such as kidney damage or liver dysfunction. Regular monitoring of kidney function and liver enzymes is typically required during treatment to detect and manage any potential complications. If any unusual symptoms such as severe fatigue, dark urine, or yellowing of the skin and eyes occur, immediate medical attention should be sought.

4. Precautions and Drug Interactions

Certain precautions should be taken when using Ambisome. It is important to inform the healthcare provider about any pre-existing medical conditions, especially kidney or liver disease, as well as any medications or supplements currently being taken. Some drugs may interact with Ambisome, potentially reducing its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects.

Considering its intravenous administration and potential interactions, Ambisome should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional who can closely monitor the patient's response to treatment and adjust the dosage as needed.

In conclusion, Ambisome is a valuable medication for the treatment of fungal infections. Its liposomal formulation increases its efficacy and reduces toxicity, making it a preferred option, especially for immunocompromised patients. While side effects may occur, they are generally manageable and outweighed by the benefits of effective fungal infection control. As with any medication, it is important to carefully follow the healthcare provider's instructions, and any concerns or questions should be discussed with a medical professional.